The engine is the core part of a machine, so the maintenance and maintenance of the engine is very important. Here's a talk about the diesel engine maintenance and repair skills.
First, maintenance skills
"Speed" or "speeding" is a unique phenomenon of the engine. "Speed", the speed of the diesel engine out of control, and faster and faster than the maximum allowed speed, and accompanied by loud noise, serious damage to the parts of the machine. "The main reason causing speed" has two aspects: one is the fault injection pump governor itself, the loss of the normal adjustment characteristics; on the other hand is the diesel engine characteristics change, which is characterized in that the injection pump governor itselfhas no fault and diesel engine during the operation process with additional diesel or oil into the combustion chamber burning. When the "speed" phenomenon occurs, emergency measures should be taken and the engine speed will be high to a certain extent. Emergency measures to stop speeding are:
(1) quickly return the accelerator pedal to the parking position.
(2) with the reducing device, pull the pressure reducing handle to the stopping position (or decompression position) quickly.
(3) hang the high-speed gear in time, step down the brake pedal, slow the clutch and stop the engine.
(4) quickly disconnect the high-pressure oil pipe, stop the oil supply.
(5) quickly with a clothes bag air filter, the engine flameout expired.
The above five steps referred to as "deceleration, braking, decompression, breathe".
2, diesel engine cylinder working condition check method
The working conditions of each cylinder of the diesel engine can be checked by the following methods at idle speed:
(1) listen to the law: use stethoscope or with metal bar, close to the part of injector body, listen to the sound of each cylinder explosion, the normal sound is similar to metal knocking "Dangdang" sound. If only the "Ho" for not just noise, the cylinder oil is too little or no timely ignition, such as percussion sound, the cylinder oil supply amount is too large or too early fuel injection time.
(2) color observation: when the diesel engine is working normally, the exhaust gas is light gray and slightly heavy when it is heavy load. Such as black gas, indicating the incomplete combustion of flammable gases. Exhaust smoke, shows that the lubricating oil into the cylinder combustion. The white smoke shows that there is water in the diesel engine, and the combustible gas is not burned and white smoke is discharged. The exhaust pipe of continuous discharge abnormal color, indicating the individual cylinder not working properly.
(3) temperature sensing method: at the initial stage after the start of diesel engine (after a period of work, the exhaust pipe temperature is very high, will be burned by hand), touch the temperature of each cylinder exhaust pipe, which can identify the work of each cylinder. If the exhaust temperature of each cylinder is higher than that of other cylinders, it shows that the oil supply of the cylinder is on the high side; if the temperature is low, the oil supply of the cylinder is less, or does not inject oil, or does not completely burn or not burn after the injection.
(4) pulse method: pinch the high pressure tubing with hand, feel the pulse when injection, pulse small, burst sound is weak, low temperature cylinder oil supply is too small. The abnormal sound and the high temperature of the fuel injector result in the decrease of the oil pressure of the injector, the poor atomization of the fuel injection, or the timely ignition and complete combustion. Big pulse, loud sound, high temperature cylinder for oil supply is too large. The sound is weak and the temperature is low. It is stuck to the injector hole or needle valve.
(5) oil cutting method: in order to accurately determine which cylinder is faulty, the cylinder can be cut off by the cylinder to the injector circuit, that is, stop working to observe the change of diesel engine working condition. When a cylinder is cut off, if the speed and sound of the diesel engine do not change or change little, it shows that the cylinder is working normally. Such as intermittent knock, row black smoke, when cut off a cylinder of the oil circuit, the fault phenomenon disappears, then explain the fault in the cylinder.
3, diesel engine motor
(1) use a fuel economizer. The fuel economizer and smoke reduction device are vertically fixed in the front oil passage of the fuel injection pump and connected with a direct current power supply. The use of diesel engines reduces smoke significantly. Not only reduce environmental pollution, but also save about 5% of the oil.
(2) installing an inertial supercharger. The installation of an inertia supercharger on a diesel engine can generally increase power by 15% and fuel consumption by 3% to 5%.
(3) pack toilet paper on the filter core. 2~3 strong absorbent toilet paper is coated on the filter core of diesel oil, which can improve the cleanness of oil and reduce the oil consumption.
(4) install foam air filter. The air filter two filter layer, add a layer of good air permeability of 8 ~ 20mm thick foam can improve the filtering effect, save fuel combustion, reduce fuel consumption.
(5) return pipe diversion. The diesel oil return pipe is connected to the high-pressure oil pipe to make the oil return into the low pressure oil circuit, and the utility model can ensure normal combustion, and the fuel saving effect is remarkable.
Two, maintenance skills
1, "three leaks" pass. Repair diesel engine, prevent and solve "three leaks" problem, can adopt "five words" standard, namely strict, clean, wipe, grind, tight.
Yan: the disassembly and installation of parts should be strictly required, and the operating procedures shall be observed. No disturbance shall be allowed. Such as screw bolts, in order and several times to tighten, do not have no order of twists and turns, in case of deformation of parts.
Clean: before assembly, be sure to clean and prevent impurities. Such as oil out of the valve and valve seat belt at the location of small debris, not only oil spills, but also directly affect the work of the engine.
Wipe: paint stone in asbestos pad, pad of paper, all kinds of plugs and oil. Stone cotton to wipe
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